The parasympathetic nervous system is opposite in its functions generally to the sympathetic nervous system. It can informally be referred to as the part of the nervous system responsible for “rest and digest,” that is, responsible for the internal functions when you are sitting resting and relaxing. Therefore, it would constrict the pupil, slow heart rate and contractility, contract bronchial musculature and stimulate bronchial secretions, and enhance gut motility for digestion to effectively occur.

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The one, broadly speaking associated with ‘rest and recovery’, is the parasympathetic system, importantly served by the vagus nerves, the 10th cranial nerves, with motor cells in the medulla oblongata.

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The parasympathetic, or craniosacral, part of the autonomic system comprises the preganglionic fibers that issue from the brain stem (cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X, XI) and sacral part of the spinal cord (segments S2,3 or S3,4). The ganglion cells with which these fibers synapse are in or near the organs innervated. The postganglionic fibers are very short: apparently none go to blood vessels, smooth muscle, or glands of the limbs or body wall. Most viscera, however, have a double motor supply, sympathetic and parasympathetic, often with opposing roles. The parasympathetic system is concerned with many specific functions, such as digestion, intermediary metabolism, and excretion.

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The part of the autonomic nervous system that contains chiefly cholinergic fibers, that tends to induce secretion, to increase the tone and contractility of smooth muscle, and to slow heart rate, and that consists of a cranial and a sacral part.

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The parasympathetic nervous system or craniosacral division (i.e., the second major outflow of the ANS) is organized to digest, assimilate, and conserve energy, as well as promote rest. Its anabolic functions include not only those associated with the metabolism of nutrients, but also numerous protective reflexes, such as those that limit heat loss, reduce energy expenditure, and slow the heart.

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The parasympathetic nervous system is one of three divisions of the autonomic nervous system.Sometimes called the rest and digest system, the parasympathetic system conserves energy as it slows the heart rate, increases intestinal and gland activity, and relaxes sphincter muscles in the gastrointestinal tract.

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The parasympathetic system acts to conserve the body’s resorces and maintain homeostasis by slowing heart rate, decreasing blood pressure, and preparing the body to rest.

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The part of the nervous system that slows the heart, dilates blood vessels, decreases pupil size, increases digestive juices, and relaxes muscles in the gastrointestinal tract.

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The parasympathetic nervous system is the “ying” to the sympathetic nervous system’s “yang.” Its job is to bring the body back into homeostasis – to conserve precious energy to “calm” the physiological seas, so to speak.

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The parasympathetic nervous system is part of the autonomic nervous system—the division of the nervous system that controls largely automatic processes such as digestion, respiration, and heart rate. It acts in concert with the sympathetic nervous system and conserves the body’s energy by bringing bodily functions back to homeostasis, particularly after the fight or flight response is activated by the sympathetic nervous system. The parasympathetic nervous system is part of the autonomic nervous system—the division of the nervous system that controls largely automatic processes such as digestion, respiration, and heart rate. It acts in concert with the sympathetic nervous system and conserves the body’s energy by bringing bodily functions back to homeostasis, particularly after the fight or flight response is activated by the sympathetic nervous system.

While the sympathetic nervous system is often referred to as the fight-or-flight-part of the body, the parasympathetic nervous system is sometimes called the feed-and-breed system because it regulates more mundane processes that are vital for the maintenance of normal life. The functions of this system include: regulating digestion, including urination and defecation, regulating sexual arousal, slowing the heart rate and lowering the blood pressure after the sympathetic nervous system has activated the fight or flight response. Without the parasympathetic nervous system, the monitoring and regulation of everyday body processes would be impossible. Further, the parasympathetic nervous system plays a vital role in maintaining both mental and physical health by helping the body to calm down from stress reactions that elevate blood pressure, dilate the pupils, and divert energy from other body processes to fighting or fleeing.

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The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) is one of two main branches or subsystems of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). It originates in the brain stem and sacral spinal cord and commonly – but not always – yields peripheral adjustments that are complementary to those produced by its counterpart, the sympathetic nervous system (SNS).

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The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body’s rest and digestion response when the body is relaxed, resting, or feeding. It basically undoes the work of sympathetic division after a stressful situation. The parasympathetic nervous system decreases respiration and heart rate and increases digestion. timulation of the parasympathetic nervous system results in: Construction of pupils, Decreased heart rate and blood pressure, Constriction of bronchial muscles, Increase in digestion, Increased production of saliva and mucus, Increase in urine secretion

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The parasympathetic system regulates “rest and digest” functions. In other words, this system controls basic bodily functions while one is sitting quietly reading a book.

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The branch of the autonomic nervous system that coordinates behaviors and physiological processes associated with rest and regeneration.

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A branch of the autonomic nervous system concerned with the conservation of the body’s energy and resources during relaxed states.

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The parasympathetic system stimulates activities associated with conservation and restoration of body resources. These include a decrease in heart rate and a rise in gastrointestinal activities associated with increased digestion and absorption of food.The parasympathetic division is also called the craniosacral or cholinergic system because (1) its preganglionic fibers emerge with cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X and at spinal cord levels S2–S4 and (2) the neurosecretory transmitter released by the postganglionic fibers is acetylcholine.

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The parasympathetic system is anabolic, meaning that it tries to conserve energy. It is sometimes called the craniosacral system. The preganglionic neurons are found in the brain stem and in the sacral region of the spinal cord. In the parasympathetic system, the ganglia are located closer to the target organs (they are not fixed along the vertebral column). Therefore, the preganglionic axons tend to be longer and the postganglionic fibers are shorter. Within the parasympathetic system, one presynaptic axon tends to form a synapse with only one or two postganglionic cells, giving the parasympathetic system a more localized action.

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