"Zen is a traditional Buddhist approach to mindfulness. Zen is a religious and spiritual practice. The ultimate goal is attaining insight about the true nature of reality in general and of the self in particular. This state of mind, known as awakening, is believed to facilitate freedom from suffering, which is the result of an incorrect understanding of reality. In contrast, MBSR and MBCT are secular, clinically based group therapy methods that utilize manuals and standardized techniques. The purpose of both is to gain relief from psychiatric and physical symptoms. However, it is important to note that Zen can be practiced as a secular means to achieve mindfulness."

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